Journal: iScience

Article Title: Metformin facilitates viral reservoir reactivation and their recognition by anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110670

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: The plasmid NL4.3Bal HIV-1 was transfected in 293T cells ( ATCC ) in order to produce the CCR5-tropic replication-competent NL4.3Bal HIV-1 viral stock.

Techniques: Purification, Virus, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Recombinant, Radio Immunoprecipitation, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Stripping Membranes, Saline, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, SYBR Green Assay, DNA Purification, Cell Isolation, DC Protein Assay, Staining, Software

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of recombinant proteins used in this study.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Recombinant, Sequencing, Expressing, Variant Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: gp120 proteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B differentially affect prostasin, MMP-2, and ErbB3 expression. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were treated with gp120 of HIV-1 Subtype A (gp120A) or Subtype B (gp120B) at 1 nM for 20 h in triplicate. Expression patterns of various proteins were monitored using R&D Human XL Oncology Array. ( A ) Prostasin was found to be higher in gp120B-treated cells, while neighboring E-selectin spots were unchanged. ( B ) MMP-2 was found to be higher in gp120B-treated cells, while neighboring progranulin spots were unchanged. ( C ) ErbB3 was found to be higher in gp120B-treated cells, while neighboring Dkk-1 spots were unchanged. Representative images are shown at the top. Densitometry values from two spots from each array were averaged, and statistical analysis was performed using results from three separate treatments/arrays. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM (N = 3 for all groups). * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. The y -axis indicates the mean pixel density of protein spots.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristic of the effects of gp120 proteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B on the prostasin expression. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were treated with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins S1, Omicron S1, and gp120 of HIV-1 Subtype A (gp120A) or Subtype B (gp120B) at 1 nM for 20 h in triplicate. Expression patterns of various proteins were monitored using R&D Human XL Oncology Array. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM (N = 3 for all groups) of ( A ) prostasin expression, ( B ) E-selectin expression, and ( C ) the ratio of prostasin to E-selectin expression. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. The y -axis indicates the mean pixel density of protein spots.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristic of the effects of gp120 proteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B on the MMP-2 expression. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were treated with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins S1, Omicron S1, and gp120 of HIV-1 Subtype A (gp120A) or Subtype B (gp120B) at 1 nM for 20 h in triplicate. Expression patterns of various proteins were monitored using R&D Human XL Oncology Array. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM (N = 3 for all groups) of ( A ) MMP-2 expression, ( B ) progranulin expression, and ( C ) the ratio of MMP-2 to progranulin expression. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. The y -axis indicates the mean pixel density of protein spots.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristic of the effects gp120 proteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B on the ErbB3 expression. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were treated with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins S1, Omicron S1, and gp120 of HIV-1 Subtype A (gp120A) or Subtype B (gp120B) at 1 nM for 20 h in triplicate. Expression patterns of various proteins were monitored using R&D Human XL Oncology Array. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM (N = 3 for all groups) of ( A ) ErbB3 expression, ( B ) Dkk-1 expression, and ( C ) the ratio of ErbB3 to Dkk-1 expression. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. The y -axis indicates the mean pixel density of protein spots.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: gp120 proteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B differentially affect MCP-2, and MCP-3 expression. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were treated with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins S1, Omicron S1, and gp120 of HIV-1 Subtype A (gp120A) or Subtype B (gp120B) at 1 nM for 20 h in triplicate. Expression patterns of various proteins were monitored using R&D Human XL Oncology Array. ( A ) MCP-2 was found to be higher in gp120A-treated cells. ( B ) MMP-3 was found to be higher in gp120A-treated cells. Representative images are shown at the top. Densitometry values from two spots from each array were averaged, and statistical analysis was performed using results from three separate treatments/arrays. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM (N = 3 for all groups). * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. The y -axis indicates the mean pixel density of protein spots.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B Differentially Affect Gene Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043536

Figure Lengend Snippet: gp120 proteins of HIV-1 Group M Subtype A and Subtype B differentially affect TARC expression. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were treated with gp120 of HIV-1 Subtype A (gp120A) or Subtype B (gp120B) at 1 nM for 20 h. Expression patterns of various proteins were monitored using R&D Human XL Cytokine Array. TARC expression was found to be higher in gp120A-treated cells, while neighboring angiopoietin-1 spots were unchanged. Representative images are shown at the top. Densitometry values from two spots from each array were averaged, and statistical analysis was performed using results from three separate treatments/arrays. Bar graphs represent means ± SEM (N = 3 for gp120A and gp120B groups; N = 2 for untreated control). * p < 0.05. *** p < 0.001. The y -axis indicates the mean pixel density of protein spots.

Article Snippet: Cells were treated in triplicate with either the recombinant gp120 of HIV-1 Group M Subunit A (catalog number 40403-V08H, Sino Biological, Inc., Beijing, China), gp120 of HIV-2 Group M Subunit B (catalog number 40404-V08H, Sino Biological), S1 of SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H, Sino Biological), or S1 of the omicron variant SARS CoV-2 spike protein (catalog number 40591-V08H41, Sino Biological).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Lymphocyte Membrane‐ and 12p1‐Dual‐Functionalized Nanoparticles for Free HIV‐1 Trapping and Precise siRNA Delivery into HIV‐1‐Infected Cells

doi: 10.1002/advs.202300282

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding capacity and specificity of MPLN against the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. A) Binding ability of Cy5 labeled LN, EMLN, MLN, EMPLN, and MPLN with R5‐tropic HIV‐1 BaL gp120 recombinant protein and X4‐tropic HIV‐1 MN gp120 recombinant protein, respectively. The evaluating index was the fluorescence intensity of samples at 649 nm with an emission wavelength of 680 nm. Data were presented as mean ± standard derivation, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus LN; b: p < 0.05 versus EMLN; c: p < 0.05 versus MLN; d: p < 0.05 versus EMPLN. B) Binding profiles of MPLN at the concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg mL −1 with R5‐tropic HIV‐1 BaL gp120 recombinant protein and X4‐tropic HIV‐1 MN gp120 recombinant protein, respectively. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. C) TEM images of HIV‐1 virion, MPLN, and a mixture of HIV‐1 virion and MPLN. The scale bar is 200 nm for the four large images. D) Particle size and surface zeta potential of HIV‐1 virion, MPLN, and their mixtures. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus MPLN; b: p < 0.05 versus HIV‐1 AD8 ; c: p < 0.05 versus HIV‐1 NL4‐3 . E) Binding of MPLN with HIV‐1 AD8 ‐infected cells and HIV‐1 NL4‐3 ‐infected cells under CLSM. The scale bar is 10 µm for all images.

Article Snippet: R5‐tropic HIV‐1 BaL and X4‐tropic HIV‐1 MN gp120 recombinant proteins were bought from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Labeling, Recombinant, Fluorescence, Infection

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Lymphocyte Membrane‐ and 12p1‐Dual‐Functionalized Nanoparticles for Free HIV‐1 Trapping and Precise siRNA Delivery into HIV‐1‐Infected Cells

doi: 10.1002/advs.202300282

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy evaluation of MPLN. A) IC80 (µg mL −1 ) of MPLN against different HIV env‐pseudoviruses. Nine geographically and genetically diverse env‐pseudoviruses (AE34, B14, B16, B121, BC28, BC29, BC43, C11, and C15) representing the main subtypes and recombinant forms circulating in China were used. The measurements are conducted in triplicate. B) Inhibition curve of X4‐tropic HIV‐1 NL4‐3 infection by MPLN. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Dose–response curves were fitted using nonlinear regression, and IC80 values were calculated using GraphPad Prism 8. C) Inhibition curve of R5‐tropic HIV‐1 AD8 infection by MPLN. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Dose–response curves were fitted using nonlinear regression, and IC80 values were calculated using GraphPad Prism 8. D) Inhibition of LN, MLN, MPLN, scrambled siRNA/MPLN, the antibody mixtures of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5, the antibody‐blocked MLN, and the antibody‐blocked MPLN on X4‐tropic HIV‐1 NL4‐3 infection. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus Control; b: p < 0.05 versus free siRNA; c: p < 0.05 versus LN; d: p < 0.05 versus MLN; e: p < 0.05 versus antibody mixtures; f: p < 0.05 versus MPLN; g: p < 0.05 versus scrambled siRNA/MPLN; h: p < 0.05 versus antibody blocked MLN. E) Inhibition of LN, MLN, MPLN, scrambled siRNA/MPLN, the antibody mixtures of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5, the antibody‐blocked MLN, and the antibody‐blocked MPLN on R5‐tropic HIV‐1 AD8 infection. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus Control; b: p < 0.05 versus free siRNA; c: p < 0.05 versus LN; d: p < 0.05 versus MLN; e: p < 0.05 versus antibody mixtures; f: p < 0.05 versus MPLN; g: p < 0.05 versus scrambled siRNA/MPLN; h: p < 0.05 versus antibody blocked MLN. F) Inhibition of LN, MLN, MPLN, and scrambled siRNA/MPLN on X4‐tropic HIV‐1 MN gp120‐induced human naive CD4 + T cells killing. Data were presented as mean ± standard derivation, n = 3, P ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus PBS; b: p < 0.05 versus free siRNA; c: p < 0.05 versus LN; d: p < 0.05 versus MLN. G) Inhibition of LN, MLN, MPLN, and scrambled siRNA/MPLN on R5‐tropic HIV‐1 BaL gp120‐induced human naive CD4 + T cells killing. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus PBS; b: p < 0.05 versus free siRNA; c: p < 0.05 versus LN; d: p < 0.05 versus MLN.

Article Snippet: R5‐tropic HIV‐1 BaL and X4‐tropic HIV‐1 MN gp120 recombinant proteins were bought from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Recombinant, Inhibition, Infection

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Lymphocyte Membrane‐ and 12p1‐Dual‐Functionalized Nanoparticles for Free HIV‐1 Trapping and Precise siRNA Delivery into HIV‐1‐Infected Cells

doi: 10.1002/advs.202300282

Figure Lengend Snippet: siRNA delivery of MPLN into HIV‐1‐infected cells and the resultant gene‐silencing efficacy. A) Endosomal escape of siRNA in MPLN under CLSM. RAW264.7 cells were used as the model cell. siRNA was labeled with Cy5 (green), endolysosomes in the cells were stained with LysoTracker Red (red), and nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). The scale bar is 5 µm for all images. B) Levels of tat and rev mRNA in HIV‐1 NL4‐3 ‐infected cells treated with LN, MLN, MPLN, scrambled siRNA/MPLN, antibody‐blocked MLN, and antibody‐blocked MPLN. The level of mRNA was analyzed on a real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection system. SYBR Green was used. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus Control; b: p < 0.05 versus free siRNA; c: p < 0.05 versus LN; d: p < 0.05 versus MLN; e: p < 0.05 versus MPLN; f: p < 0.05 versus scrambled siRNA/MPLN; g: p < 0.05 versus antibody‐blocked MLN. C) Levels of tat and rev mRNA in HIV‐1 AD8 ‐infected cells treated with LN, MLN, MPLN, scrambled siRNA/MPLN, antibody‐blocked MLN, and antibody‐blocked MPLN. The level of mRNA was analyzed on a real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection system. SYBR Green was used. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, p ‐values are calculated using the two‐sample t ‐test. a: p < 0.05 versus Control; b: p < 0.05 versus free siRNA; c: p < 0.05 versus LN; d: p < 0.05 versus MLN; e: p < 0.05 versus MPLN; f: p < 0.05 versus scrambled siRNA/MPLN. g: p < 0.05 versus antibody‐blocked MLN. D) Levels of tat and rev protein expression in HIV‐1 NL4‐3 ‐infected cells treated with LN, MLN, MPLN, scrambled siRNA/MPLN, antibody‐blocked MLN, and antibody‐blocked MPLN. Protein expression was detected with the WB method. E) Levels of tat and rev protein expression in HIV‐1 AD8 ‐infected cells treated with LN, MLN, MPLN, scrambled siRNA/MPLN, antibody‐blocked MLN, and antibody‐blocked MPLN. Protein expression was detected with the WB method.

Article Snippet: R5‐tropic HIV‐1 BaL and X4‐tropic HIV‐1 MN gp120 recombinant proteins were bought from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Infection, Labeling, Staining, Fluorescence, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, SYBR Green Assay, Expressing

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Tenofovir and Tenofovir Alafenamide for HIV-1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Foreskin Tissue

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory potency of TFV and TAF. ( a ) TZM-bl cells and ( b , c ) foreskin explants from HIV-negative donors were dosed with TFV (●, ◯) or TAF (■, □) 1 h prior to challenge with HIV-1 BaL at a normalized titer for TZM-bl cells or at a HVT (solid symbols) or LVT (open symbols) for tissue explants. Percentage of inhibition was normalized relative to the r.l.u. or p24 values obtained for cells or explants not exposed to virus (0% infectivity) and for cells or explants infected with virus in the absence of compounds (100% infectivity), respectively. Inhibitory activity equivalency was established in tissue explants (dotted lines and grey band in ( c )). Data are the means (SEMs) from independent experiments performed in triplicate with specimens from three donors.

Article Snippet: The infectivity of the HIV-1 BaL stock was estimated in TZM-bl cells (by luciferase quantitation of cell lysates; Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and in activated PBMCs (by measurement of p24 antigen content in cell culture supernatants).

Techniques: Inhibition, Infection, Activity Assay